Italian renaissance art scholar, dealer, and director, National Gallery, Dublin. Douglas attended Oxford University concentrating in Modern History. Walter Pater and Charles Fairfax Murray inspired him to study art. While a chaplain for the Church of England in Italy, he wrote the text for a monograph on Fra Angelico, consulting with a number of scholars, including Bernard Berenson. He gave up his church appointment in 1900, accepting a position as professor of Modern History at the University of Adelaide, Australia.

Anti-fascist, medieval, and Renaissance art historian. Giusta Nicco Fasola was born Giustina Maria Rosa to parents Marianna Rosa Cumino (Nicco) and Carlo Nicco in Turin. Giusta acquired her full education in the city of Turin attending the local schools for her elementary, high school, and undergraduate degrees. She graduated from the Università degli Studi di Torino in 1922 and 1924 acquired an undergraduate degrees in philosophy and literature, respectively.

Director of the Royal Gallery in Cassel, 1910-1924. Gronau was born to a Jewish family. He studied in Bonn and Berlin, writing his thesis at the latter institution on Urspergensis Burchardus (d. 1230) and the Chronicon in 1890. From the first, his personal research interest was in Venetian art. Gronau purchased an Italian villa in the 1890s, San Domenico, in Fiesole where he lived until 1910. There he published articles beginning in 1894 and issued his book on Titian in 1900.

Scholar of Trecento Italian art. Gronau was born at his family's villa, San Domenico, near Fiesole, the son of the future Cassel Gemäldegalerie Director, Georg Gronau. At age six his family left Italy when his father was appointed director of the Gemäldegalerie in Cassel, Germany. His older brother was killed in World War I. He was not initially interested in art scholarship and took a job with an art dealer in Berlin.